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The was a bolt-action rifle that supplemented the Type 99 Japanese standard infantry rifle during the Second World War.〔Honeycutt and Anthony p. 84〕 The design was adopted by the Imperial Japanese Army in 1905 (the 38th year of the Meiji period, hence "Type 38") and served from then until the end of 1945. ==History and development== The Imperial Japanese Army introduced the Type 30 rifle in 1897. However, the weapon had numerous shortcomings, which were highlighted by combat experience in the early stages of the Russo-Japanese War. These included bursting cartridges, a poorly designed lock in which excess gunpowder tended to accumulate, burning the face of the shooter, frequent misfires, jamming, difficulty in cleaning, and cartridge extraction. Major Kijiro Nambu undertook a redesign of the Type 30 rifle, which was introduced in 1906. Nambu reduced the number of parts making up the Type 30's bolt from nine to six and at that same time simplified and manufacture and disassembly of the bolt without the needs of tools.〔Allan and Macy. p.4-5〕 A dust cover was added because of experiences in the Russo-Japanese War that left rifles inoperable from dust.〔Honeycutt and Anthony p. 38〕 The weapon was produced in several locations: *Tokyo Arsenal from 1906 to 1932; 2,029,000 units (est.)〔Allan and Macy. p.478〕 *Kokura arsenal from 1933 to 1941: 494,700 units (est.)〔 *Nagoya arsenal from 1932 to 1942: 312,500 units (est.)〔 *Jinsen (in what is now Incheon) arsenal from 1942 to 1942: 13,400 units (est.)〔 *Hoten (was called Mukden arsenal before the Japanese took it over.〔Allan and Macy. p.30〕 In what is now Shenyang) arsenal from 1937 to 1944: 148,800 units (est.)〔 By 1940 more than three million Type 38s had been issued to the Imperial Japanese Army. However, shortcomings in the Type 38 design during the Second Sino-Japanese War led to the introduction of a further generation of rifles, designated the Type 99 rifle from 1939. This new rifle used the more powerful 7.7×58mm Arisaka cartridge already in use with the Type 92 heavy machine gun and the Type 97 light machine gun. However, not all units received the new weapon, and the mixture of types with incompatible cartridges led to considerable logistics issues during World War II. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Type 38 rifle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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